Buying Online Vs. Buying in Person

Buying Online Vs. Buying in Person Shopping is always an exciting and unique experience for us. It’s the special time we set aside to acquire something we desire with our hard-earned money.The modern customer is spoiled with choices.Head to a favorite apparel store and check out the latest fashion garments.This old-fashioned way of retail shopping is still a popular pick.With the turn of the century, eCommerce has undoubtedly invaded our homes, no longer do we have to leave the comfort of our homes. In our busy lives, many of us choose to shop online.Now the million-dollar question â€" which is an advantageous way to shop? â€" Retail or Online?Cleverism helps you clear all your shopping doubts with a unique in-depth comparison.A GLIMPSE INTO THE WORLD OF ONLINE SHOPPINGHow big is online shopping exactly? Let’s demonstrate a few statistics to paint a picture.The following report was conducted by PwC’s annual survey of consumer behavior and as such the report is based on survey feedback.70% of Chinese shoppers pre ferred to shop online once a week40% of European and American shoppers preferred to shop online once a week90% of online shoppers did their entertainment shopping online â€" books, music, and movies.49% of respondents were attracted to deals and promotions17% of online shoppers would begin following the brand after buying a product they liked26% of online shoppers bought products based on their friend or family’s recommendation17% of online shoppers went on to refer their recently purchased product to friends and family28% of online shoppers were interested in purchasing a brand-new product that launched5% of respondents shopped due to the convenience of having customer service via social mediaThe report was conducted in 2013 when online shopping was still in its infancy.In 2018, the United States alone had an astonishing revenue of $501-million in online sales. This figure is expected to increase to $740 million by 2023. A rise of over $200 million in just 5 years.Why do shoppers prefer online platforms?What are the benefits of being an online shopper? What are the disadvantages of an online shopper? Lets dig deep into the consumer’s mind and find out the real reasons.ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPINGWith eCommerce tightening its grasp around the neck of consumers, the increase in online shopping is apparent with each passing year.The internet surely has its part to play in revolutionizing the way we acquire our daily needs as well as our luxuries.After all, the ease of adding items to your cart and hitting ‘Checkout’ is beloved by millions.Here are 6 brief reasons why consumers prefer online shopping.1. For the ConvenienceGoing to an actual physical store is a demanding task.It requires you to shower, put on your best clothes, pamper yourself with the finest perfume and groom every strand of your hair to the perfect angle.While buying online requires â€" well nothing at all.Online shopping can be done in your pajamas, in your wedding dress or if you pref er, in nature’s modest attire.Ecommerce dispels all the suspense from your shopping experience and provides you with an efficient way to browse through various brands without store hopping, saving copious amounts of time.Online marketplaces are always open 24/7 and don’t have working hours. This flexible factor is the biggest positive in the modern world of convenience.Digital items like video games and music can be downloaded instantly without the need for plastic or any physical packaging, thus promoting an eco-friendly way to shop.Digital items are also on-demand and you’ll have full access to your product within seconds of purchasing them.Avoid those lengthy shipping times!2. Effortless Price-to-Value ComparisonsWhen buying a product, you undoubtedly compare it with another brand to get the best value and price.In a physical store, you’ll have to gather the items together and individually find out the difference between them.And even then, the specifications aren’t cle ar to your purpose.An online store helps the consumer by listing all the specifications and product measurements in detail. This provides the buyer with enough information to choose between different products instantaneously.Take, for example, you’ve decided to buy a television set and are at a crossroads while deciding between the top 3 brands â€" Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic. By simply pulling over a price comparison chart with the product specifications, you’ll receive information on all 3 products in one single view screen. This allows you to judge which TV brand is the right one for you in a matter of minutes.In a physical store, you’d have to arrange all 3 television sets together to get an understanding, and most stores aren’t willing to go through the hassle. Hence, you’re left at the mercy of a store representative and their recommendation.Another advantage of eCommerce shopping are reviews left by shoppers to assist you with a product.Websites like Amazon and Wal mart have a star rating system to help other buyers decide if the product is of high quality or not.3. Discreet PurchasesAs humans, the way others perceive us is extremely important in a social living space. Hence, we live dignified lives in society while we explore our inner desires in private.That’s where online shopping comes in.With adult toys, provocative undergarments, and sexual wellness products filling up the shelves of online stores, it makes it comfortable for someone to explore their sinful cravings without the constant paranoia of society’s judging eyes on them.Privacy in online shopping is one of the biggest reasons consumers prefer to shop online rather than a physical store.Choosing an online experience eliminates the chance encounter of a nosy neighbor during one of your off-road shopping trips.4. Discounts and Promotions via Personalized WishlistThere’s no reliable way to find out about the latest product releases if you aren’t visiting your local mall ever y weekend. Doing so in a digital world is painful with so many websites.The modern shopper has a quick fix to this problem.Simply whip out your smartphone and browse through all the categories with the latest products and sales listed. Utilize the various filters to streamline your experience.Thanks to wishlists, never miss out on price drops or hourly sales on your favorite items because you were too busy getting your teeth whitened at the dentist.A watchlist or wish list is when you add an item that isn’t on sale into a specific list of items that you wish to buy in the future. Many online stores provide you with alerts when the price of the item drops, or a discount coupon is available to use.Online shopping can save you a lot of money when you shop during sales. Many of the sales are usually customized around festive seasons like â€" Halloween and Christmas.5. No Crowds No Sales PressureA marketplace is a daunting place for people that hate crowds. Especially, during the holid ay season, when you head up to your local mall only to be greeted by a frenzy of people.Apart from expecting a delayed delivery, online shopping sites don’t have any inconvenience of dealing with a large crowd of people.Their websites are updated to handle a horde of shoppers with minimal downtime.Another aspect that makes online shopping accessible is avoiding pesky salesmen that pressure you to buy a product.Socially anxious individuals often fall prey to sales pressure and make a purchase that they later wish they didn’t.This form of sales interaction is entirely avoidable with no salesmen present when you shop online.6. Gifting is PainlessIt’s Father’s Day! Unfortunately, you’ve forgotten to purchase a gift for your dear dad.To make matters worse, it’s also the middle of the night and no reputed store worth their money would be selling a worthy present for your dad at this ungodly hour.Don’t sweat it! With just a click away and over a million specialized gifting op tions to choose from, occasions are no longer a chore for online shoppers.Whether it’s a wedding anniversary or Valentine’s day, online stores are equipped to offer their customers a range of gift wrappers and ensure your loved ones receive their gifts on time.This makes it an incredibly convenient way to gift family and friends who live over long distances or in different countries.Many online shoppers provide gift vouchers or gift cards that can be topped up with their preferred currency. This allows for a more personalized gifting experience that allows the recipient to choose a product from their own wishlist.DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPINGWe’d be lying if we told you there were no flaws in the online shopping experience.In fact, many of these red flags appear much more commonly with a billion people choosing online shopping as their preferred way to purchase products.Let’s unfold these drawbacks.1. Credit Card TheftsSure, having your purse or wallet stolen while shoppi ng at the mall is likely.But it’s unlikely that the thief is going to be using your credit card minutes after stealing it.And it’s even more unlikely for you to go hours before noticing that your precious plastic card is stolen.All it takes is a call to your bank’s customer support to have your card blocked before any damage has been done.Unfortunately, it’s not as simple when you shop online.Online shopping is a thriving ground for virtual pickpocketers. In a report by Experian, credit card fraud increased by a whopping 30% from 2016 to 2017.Most of the attacks take place when shoppers enter their credit card information on online sites that aren’t encrypted. A non-encrypted site is like living in a house without a door â€" anyone can sneak a peek and there isn’t any privacy.Having your credit card information stolen leaves you exposed to data breach and lets criminals utilize your card multiple times before you know what’s happening.Apart from losing money, credit ca rds have personal information regarding your identity. In 2017, Javelin Research demonstrated that credit cards are among the leading causes of identity theft in the United States leaving 16.7 million shoppers affected.2. Delayed ShippingPicture the following example.After placing an online order for a top-of-the-line Gibson electric guitar, you excitedly spend the entire night playing air riffs with an invisible guitar. The joy is limitless, purchasing something you’ve always wanted is a thrilling affair.The next day you wait by the window and hope for the familiar dress code of your logistics guy to pop up in the distance. After waiting anxiously for a few hours, you glance through the details of your delivery order to see if the delivery date is right.The date seems to be perfect, what could be wrong?Tragically, you’re a victim of delayed shipping. It’s only a matter of time before you receive an apologetic message from your logistics partner on your product being delayed d ue to unforeseen circumstances. The excitement level has all but diminished. You immediately call the customer support and after a few unpleasant conversations, the huge mistake of purchasing online over your retail store is apparent.Welcome to an online experience that numerous individuals face daily and are the bane of good shopping experience.Delayed shipping is a deal-breaker. Especially, when it takes a few minutes to head down to your local store and buy the item.Unfortunately, many online stores don’t usually offer a cancellation after shipping the product unless a valid reason is provided. This leaves you with no choice but to collect your product when it reaches you.Customers are usually at the mercy of the eCommerce site and their logistics partner. It’s even worse when you’ve prepaid for the product.3. Hidden Costs, No After-Sales Assistance, Lack of Bargaining PowerThe very advantages that make an effortless shopping experience is a disadvantage when the need aris es.While we don’t want pesky salespeople at our faces advertising products to us, we can’t deny that there are positives to take away from this.For example â€" a product demonstration is important if you wish to know what your product is capable of without having buyer’s remorse. And more reasons are listed below.Online products have a wall of text of products followed by an advertising video that doesn’t say much about them. The customer doesn’t physically feel the product, nor do they understand the flaws.Many online products have a ‘No-return’ policy, and you’re stuck with what you buy. This makes online shopping quite the gamble.On the off chance your item reaches you in a broken condition, not all online sellers honor the replacement policy and you must follow through with several emails back and forth leaving you wasting your time.Also, you’re unable to bargain the price of the item below the price tag shown, and that’s where the online marketplace reflects a place that favors sellers.Unlike retail stores, there isn’t any sales representative to give you an after-sales service of the product and this strips the buyer from their purchasing power.Clothing products when bought in a retail store provide a trial room to try out. Online shopping requires you to ship the product if the size doesn’t fit. It may take days to weeks for you to receive an exchange.4. Don’t be Lured by Pretty Product ImagesOne aspect that online stores repeatedly do is to polish and add intensifying pictures on their home and product page to lure consumers. Many of these images don’t represent the actual product.Numerous online sellers get away using this gimmick by adding a ‘No Return’ clause in the long list of terms and conditions that no buyer usually reads before they buy.The text could be something simple like ‘Subjects in the photograph don’t necessarily reflect the actual product’. This is their ‘Get out of Jail Free’ card, quite lite rally.By stating it in their TOS, the seller can refuse a claim for refund or replacement while the customer is left with a poor-quality product.This makes online shopping a frightening experience.IS THE RETAIL STORE DEAD? EXPLORING THE ADVANTAGES OF A PHYSICAL STOREWhen was the last time you walked into a retail Polo store to explore their latest offerings?Not for a decade?Here’s a fun fact you probably didn’t know â€" Polo shut down operations on their flagship store located in New York City.With a huge number of customers preferring to take their business online. Many brands have exited the retail store business model and have embraced the online route.But the question still stands.Is the retail store dead? Or are there advantages to shopping in the traditional way?Let’s find out.ADVANTAGES OF BUYING IN PERSONThe short answer is â€" No, the physical store is not dead.Brands all over the world would shut their physical storefronts if there was no profit to be made in physica l stores.The existence of physical stores is proof that retail stores are still profitable in today’s times and provide exclusive advantages over online shopping.Here are some of the reasons brands continue to sell their merchandise through storefronts.1. Personalized TouchIf it wasn’t obvious to you already, there are a good number of shoppers that still love the good old-fashioned experience of physically feeling their products before buying.The hands-on product experience offers plenty of advantages such as in-store trials before purchasing or free samples to understand the product better.Online product images only provide a brief display of what the product is. When we shop physically, we use our senses like touch, smell, and sight to provide us with information on the quality of the product.Product demonstrations are physical when you buy in person.Let’s say you wanted an electronic item with many features, a store representative will perform a demo in front of you to pro vide you with information about the product. With this type of presentation, you’ll make intelligent buying decisions.Online items are devoid of any physical touch and hence, you are left at the mercy of reading the product description for product information.The personalized experience is why retail stores are a boon to shoppers that prefer a sensory shopping experience than a convenient one.2. Impulse PurchasesImagine you’re watching a musical film and are drawn towards the characters and plot.At the end of the feature-length, you immediately begin to dream visions of becoming a world-renowned musician yourself. After all, the actor in the movie was loved by everyone and he too began from nothing.All it takes is an investment in a high-quality musical instrument, and you aren’t far away from becoming the next Mozart yourself. The euphoric state of mind induced by the movie has released a burst of excitement within you. While this excitement is temporary and fades in time, it ’s caused enough damage to create an impulse to buy an online product that you don’t fully wish to utilize. With online shopping, all you need is a credit card and your product is on its way to you. Impulse buying is at an all-time high with online shopping.With impulse buying, your finances are mismanaged and you’ll dangerously enter a shopping addiction that many buyers dread.With a retail store, instant gratification is out of the question. When you desire a product, you’ll still have to travel to the store and make the purchase.   During this travel time, much of the excitement for the intended product dies and most individuals change their minds about buying a product. 3. Secure PaymentsPayment methods such as cash payments are a much secure option for traditional brick and mortar shoppers. There is no worry about your plastic card being hacked or your customer data being leaked all over the internet.While many retail stores employ modern methods of payment, you can be sure that if you share your card details, it’s all happening in front of you and the identity of the store clerk isn’t a mystery.If you do end up becoming the unfortunate victim of credit card theft due to phishing, you’ll have a face, a company, and a location to pin the blame on.These details assist in investigating the crime and with the use of CCTV footage, the culprit’s identity is revealed with a high chance of your funds being returned to you.Online credit card hackers employ secured networks such as VPNs and other masking software to hide their identities.An article by CSO demonstrates that cybercriminals are among the toughest crimes to persecute simply because the criminals leave no actual evidence and it’s easy to tamper with IP addresses to send the law enforcement on a wild goose chase.Also, in an online cybercrime, the perpetrator is usually located in another country and tracking them is impossible and expensive.The chance of tracking your funds in an online environment is an extremely difficult process and the online shopping experience is one way for people to lose all their finances.Ideally, it’s always better to avoid the online experience altogether and choose a retail store for a much more secure experience. 4. Enjoy the Social ExperienceWhether it’s simply going out with your friends or meeting new people at the mall. The retail store experience is always about human interaction and offers a social atmosphere that isn’t present in an online experience.Having a discussion with your family and friends about what shirt goes well with your jeans are some of the treasured experiences that are lost when you shop online.Engaging in chitchat with the store clerks creates a relatable experience for repeated visits. You’ll be provided with the latest gossip and even the biggest discounts for being a positive person. They can also provide tips on the right size and fit that is appropriate for your appearance.Many malls host communi ty events during holidays and offer plenty of fun-filled events for everyone to participate in. Online stores will never rival the traditional in-store experience when it comes to a social level.Here is an in-depth video of Taylor Romero explaining how technology would revolutionize retail shopping. FINAL THOUGHTSThere is no right or wrong way to shop. There are only sensible and extravagant shoppers to differentiate from.Both categories of shopping experiences are diverse and are very different from each other. A good idea is to maintain a good balance between online shopping and storefront buying. Setting up a list of rules for shopping will create a positive experience.For example â€" Buying online during holiday events helps you avoid crowds. However, offseason, it’s a good idea to head over to a storefront and get a real firsthand experience of the product before purchasing.This lets you experience the joy of shopping between two worlds.What shopping experience do you prefer â€" Online or Retail? Why? Comment below to let us know.

A Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams - 902 Words

Tennessee Williams, playwright of â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, uses symbolism and other elements to establish the overall theme of illusion vs. reality. He uses these elements to show how the character Blanche can t distinguish the difference between the two, ultimately leading her to a lonely life full of lies. And unlike Blanche, Stanley knows this from the very beginning and thus, their differences turn into a play full of mind games. The differences between Stanley and Blanche are vast. In fact, they are two different kinds of people as Stanley is a hard working macho man lacking proper manners while Blanche is a fragile woman perceiving herself as superior to Stanley. We first notice these differences upon Blanche’s arrival when, in the first scene, the elitist Blanche dresses as if she were attending a fancy cocktail party in the garden district, (1777). This annoys Stanley and it can be seen that he obviously does not like her. He, however, sets his annoyance aside and plays nicely in attempts to get to know her better, but ultimately changes his actions rather quickly after Blanche denies to taking a shot of his liquor. Stanley reacts by saying, â€Å" Some never touch it, but it touches them often† (CITATION GOES HERE). It is not to his knowledge that the reason for her denial was because she did not want to admit that she is an alcoholic. These lies are what keeps her from coming to terms with reality. This lie causes Stanley to question everything aboutShow MoreRelatedA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1109 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† is a play written by Tennessee Williams. Williams was born in Columbus, Mississippi but with a different name. He changed his name from Thomas Lanier Williams to what the readers know today as Tennessee Williams. (Forman). Williams is widely known for his plays, short stories, and poems across the world. He has won many awards for his work such as The New York Critics’ Circle Award and 2 Pulitzer awards. The play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire he won his first Pulitzer PrizeRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1442 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Tennessee Williams’s play, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† one can learn a large portion about his personal life. In the play the character, Blanche has a mental illness the same as his sister Rose had in her lifetime. B lanche’s ex-husband was also homosexual and he made the point to say that he left her for a man and Williams himself was also a homosexual. Tennessee chose for the story to be based in New Orleans, which was a crumbling town at the time and Williams was living a crumbling lifeRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams928 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper: A Streetcar Named Desire For my analysis paper, I have chosen the full-length play by Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire. 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Likewise, â€Å"Blank Space†, written and performed by Taylor Swift, was first performed November 23rd, during the 2014 American Music Awards. â€Å"Blank Space† s pent 22 weeks in the top 40 charts and is featured on the best selling albumRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire In the summer of post World War II in New Orleans, Louisiana lives hard working, hardheaded Stanley and twenty-five year old pregnant, timid Stella Kowalski in a charming two-bedroom apartment on Elysian Fields. Stella’s older sister Blanche Dubois appears in the first scene unexpectedly from Laurel, Mississippi carrying everything she owns. 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A tragedy, or tragic event, is known to bring chaos, destruction, distress, and even discomfort such as a natural disaster or a serious accident. A tragedy in a story can also highlight the downfall of the main character, or sometimes one of the more important character. In this book, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, written by Tennessee Williams, heRead MoreTennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire929 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Desire’s† Breakdown Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire is a web of themes, complicated scenarios, and clashes between the characters. Therefore, it might’ve been somehow difficult to find out who the protagonist of this play is if it wasn’t for Aristotle’s ideas of a good tragedy because neither of the main characters, Stanley Kowalski and Blanche Dubois, is completely good nor bad. 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Tennessee Williams wrote A Streetcar Named Desire around the time this reversal was occurring in American society. In this play male dominance is clear. Women are represented as delicate, reserved, and silent, confined to a domestic world that isolated them from the harsh realities

Reading Child Of The Owl - 1126 Words

Outside Reading: Child of the Owl 1.The book Child of the Owl talks about an American-Chinese girl called Casey, learning how to accept the culture of China when living in the Chinatown. As we know, at that time American-Chinese neither Chinese or Americans. They are crowded out by native Americans, cause they appearances are same with Asians, the foreigns. On the other side, American-Chinese speaks English, eat American food, have American teachers and friends, learn American culture. Chinese all gather together to live in Chinatown, the narrow surrounding. They speak Chinese, use Chinese Writing, eat Chinese food, all the people around them are Chinese, learning Chinese culture. That’s the unique point that Casey has. Before Casey came to Chinatown, her father Barney let her live in the house of Uncle Phil. His two daughters Pam-Pam and Annette. They have done whatever they can to blend in with White Americans. Annette constantly curls her hair, while Pam-Pam only wears pink frilly dresses, like a princess. School in Chinatown is a disaster because Casey has no friends and students never talk to her, teachers also dislike for her inability to speak or write Chinese. A long time ago, I read a story about a wild brown duck wants to become a pure white swan. One wild duck is shy, and his appearance is scarce, so all the duck bully him. He can’t afford it, so he uses dyestuff to make him look white for coming to the group of the swan. But nobody accepts cause his barkingShow MoreRelatedHarwoods Poetry - a Valediction, Father and Child and the Violets1477 Words   |  6 Pagestheoretical readings. The very essence of postmodernism states that meaning is provisional. The meaning that Gwen Harwood imbued in her poems may not necessarily be the meaning that we as responders ‘draw out’ from the poem. 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Now I can say, I am a grouper, a top-down learner, an owl, in the C-D quadr ants, and my strong intelligences are linguistic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. What all this means, still, is some things are easy for me to learn, and some things are not. But there I go again, simplifying the matter. My learningRead MoreMy Love For Reading921 Words   |  4 Pageswith books. Staying up into the late hours of the night because I could not handle going to bed not knowing how a story would conclude. Being surrounded by piles of books was my version of heaven. I have my mother to thank for this obsession with reading. As a little girl, she always read to me at night, and when I got to a certain age the roles reversed. She listened to me stumble through the simplest words in endless amounts of Junie B Jones books. I could imagine it got irritating after a while

Pharmacology Free Essays

Examination Questions: Sedative and Hypnotics, and Antiepilepsy agents 1. What is the chemical name of GABA? a. The amino acid derivative, ? -aminobutyrate, also called 4-aminobutyrate, (GABA) is a well-known inhibitor of presynaptic transmission in the CNS. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacology or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Explain: the structure of GABAA receptor complex and location of Benzodiazepine’s and barbiturate’s binding sites on GABAA receptors. a. The GABAA receptor complex have chloride channels associated with in the receptor (influx of Cl cause hyperpolarization causing CNS depression) b. In this isoform, the two binding sites for GABA are located between adjacent ? and ? 2 subunits, and the binding pocket for benzodiazepines (the BZ site of the GABAA receptor) is between an ? 1 and the ? 2 subunit. i.? 1 subunits in GABAA receptors mediate sedation, amnesia, and ataxic effects of benzodiazepine 3. Describe the difference in the action of barbiturates at lower and higher dose on GABAA receptors a. BZ increase synaptic inhibition of GABA b. They enhance GABAergic effects without directly activating GABAA receptor by opening of chloride channels but by increasing frequency of chloride opening events and enhancing chloride ion conductance. . Barbiturates increase the duratio n of the GABA-gated chloride channel openings d. At high concentrations, the barbiturates may also be GABA-mimetic, directly activating chloride channels. e. Barbiturates are less selective in their actions than benzodiazepines, because they also depress the actions of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid via binding to the AMPA receptor (can cause full surgical anesthesia and pronounced central depressant effects – low margin of safety). f. If GABA is not present, benzodiazepines cannot produce their effects (they can increase the frequency but cannot initiate; only GABA opens the channels). 4. Name GABAA and GABAB receptor agonist a. GABAA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, cerebellar cortex and cerebral cortex b. GABAA containing ? 1 subunit agonist: zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone 5. Describe how Clorazepate produces its effect following oral administration a. Diazepam and the active metabolite of clorazepate is more rapidly absorbed than other commonly used benzodiazepines. b. Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to its active form, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), by acid hydrolysis in the stomach. 6. Explain why benzodiazepines cross biological membranes freely and distribute rapidly in various organ systems including brain and placenta. a. Most of hypnotics and sedatives are lipid soluble and thus have rapid onset of central nervous system effects. b. All sedative-hypnotics cross the placental barrier during pregnancy (NOT TO BE USED DURING PREGNANCY). 7. Explain the mechanism of action of Flumazenil a. Competitive antagonists with high affinity for the BZ binding site b. It blocks many of the actions of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone c. Flumazenil is approved for use in reversing the central nervous system depressant effects of benzodiazepine overdose and to hasten recovery in anesthetic and diagnostic procedures. 8. Name short-acting benzodiazepines a. Short-acting agents (t1/2 How to cite Pharmacology, Essay examples

Real Estate Law

Question: Describe aboat the real estate law. Answer: Under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 in Australia, an owner of a property can sell his property while the property is on a fixed term tenancy agreement. Under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995, a property owner is referred as a lessor (Australia 1995). The lessor under the Act has the right to show or advertise his property to potential buyers and it is the responsibility of the lessee to allow them to enter the property for the said reason. Under the said, the lessor can enter his property to show it to potential buyers at any reasonable time, on number of reasonable occasions and after he has provided the tenant with reasonable notice of the same in writing. Reasonable time under the said Act refers to 8am to 6pm on weekdays, 9am to 5pm of weekends or at any other time decided mutually between the tenant and the lessor (Butt 2016). The Residential Tenancies Act 1995 fails to define reasonable notice however, the same can be negotiated between the lessor and the tenant and if t he lessor wishes to show his property to potential buyers regularly, the tenant can negotiate a reduction in rent as a compensation for inconvenience. However, the final negotiation needs to be in writing signed by both the parties. The said Act makes it an obligation on the tenant to allow entry however if the lessor fails to give prior written notice, the tenant can considered it as unreasonable under the Act. The tenant is not obliged to take any special efforts to make the said property look beautiful or attractive, the only obligation under the section 51 of the Act is for the tenant to keep the property in reasonable state and clean and not use it for any illegal purposes. Moreover, if the lessor is selling his property, it does not automatically terminate tenancy contract. However, the lessor and the tenant can still issue a no ground notice for termination of the tenancy agreement. But my advice in the present case to the property owner, when it comes to fixed term lease agr eement is that the lessor under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 cannot force the tenants to vacate the premises before the expiry of the fixed term which is 12 months in the said case. In case, the property which is on fixed term lease agreement is sold, the new buyer purchases the said property accepting the tenancy agreement and takes over all the rights, responsibility and obligation of the previous lessor. Moreover, if a fixed term lease agreement is terminated for no reason before expiry, compensation can be claimed by the tenant (Bradbrook 2011). Under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995, a property owner has the right to sell his property while it is on a lease agreement. The property owner under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 is termed as a lessor. The tenants as well as the lessor enjoy certain rights and privileges under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995. The tenant has the right to enjoy the property on lease with quit, peaceful, comfort and privacy (Wilcox 2010). Likewise, if the lessor wishes to sell his property and wants to show it to potential buyers, he has the right under the Act to enter the property on lease after he has given prior notice of the same to the tenant in writing. However, this right of showing property to reasonable buyers is only availing to the lessor at reasonable time, on reasonable number of occasions along with prior written notice to tenant. The definition of reasonable time is defines under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 and it states 8am to 9 pm on weekdays, 9am to 5 pm of weekends or any time pre-decided by the lessor and the tenant. Reasonable notice is not accurately defines under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 however, it should be send correctly at the address of the premise and specifying the day when possession is claimed back. The said notice can be delivered by post, email, in person or by fax (Jennings 2013). However, selling a property to a potential buyer does not terminate a tenancy agreement and termination of a tenancy agreement usually depends on the type of the agreement it is. Thus, according to section 93 of the Residential Tenancies Act 1995, in periodic tenancy agreement, the lessor and the tenant have the right to issue a no ground termination notice which does not require the parties to furnish any reason for the termination. This notice of terminating the tenancy agreement can be given by either of the parties however, if tenant is giving a notice for termination of a tenancy agreement 90 days prior notice is required under the Act. Thus, in my opinion the owner of the property has to give a 60 days prior notice in writing to the tenant to end a period lease agreement (Cradduck and Wharton 2011). Every property is leased after the lessor and the tenant sign a lease or a tenancy agreement which defines the terms and conditions according to which the tenancy period, prices and the rights and obligation which both the lessor and the tenant have to abide by are determined. Thus, this tenancy agreement between the lessor and the tenant define the rights and obligation in relation to water supply and usage. Thus, at the time the tenancy agreement is signed, the lessor and tenant can determine on who will be responsible for paying for water supply and usage. Section 39 of the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 states that a term which includes who should bear the water supply and usage cost should be separately mentioned in the tenancy agreement. Water charges can be of two types in Australia namely the water rates and the water consumption charges (Obeng-Odoom 2012). The water rates are the service charge for the supply of water which is received in and out of the property, whereas the water consumption chargers are price for the usage of water in a property. The water rates are usually the responsibility of the owner in case the tenancy agreement states otherwise. However, the water consumption charges are billed by the Corporation to the owner of a tenancy property, however, the owner is allowed to pass this bill to the tenant for payment. However under the section 39 of the Residential Tenancies Act 1995, the tenant can deny to pay the said charges unless the owner of the property furnishes him with a proper bill of the same from the Corporation. However, in case, a tenancy agreement fails to mention a clause which determines the responsibility of payment of water supply and usage, for lease agreements which are entered on and after 1 March 2014, the tenant is responsible for payment of all the water supply and usage charges however, the rule is applicable for separately metered properties only. And for lease agreements signed before 1 March 2014 that do not m ention any clause defining the responsibility of water supply and usage, the tenant is responsibility for payment of water usage over 136 kilolitre each year. It is the tenants responsibility under the Residential Tenancies Act 1995 to immediately inform the lessor after noticing any leakage of water taps in the leased premises, if the tenant fails to inform the tenant of a leaked water tap, he is responsible for the extra usage of water due to leakage and has to bear the expense for the same (Tennant et al 2010). Many a times, property owners who intent to sell, lease, rent or dispose their property, prefer employing a property agent to do the same. Therefore, in Australia, the Land Agent Act 1994 was adopted to set rules and regulations along with code of conduct which a land agent and a client needs to abide by while dealing together in Australia. The property owners usually sign a Residential Management Agreement with property agents or manage which allows a property manager to manage the property in the best manner possible according to the wishes of the owner (Nelson and Minnery 2012). A Residential Management Agreement is usually in a form of a template which has columns of number of landlords who collectively own a property and wish it to be managed by an agent. Thus, the said agreement sets out all the rules and conducts which is expected out of agent and a client. Thus, in the present case, it was the duty as mentioned as a code of conduct under the Land Agent Act 1994 for a property agent to correctly inspect every detail of a property including its number of owners and only after signing an agreement and confirming with all owners the agent should lease, rent or sell the property. In the present case, it was agents fault in failing to inspect whether all the owners have signed the Residential Management Agreement. Secondly, the Residential Management Agreement can be terminated with a notice by the owner of property in the said case as he was dis satisfied with the manner in which their property was handled. As far as the lease agreement is concerned, the said agreement will be valid for its said term and the validity of the agreement can be challenged by the owner who was not a party of the Residential Management Agreement (Bell 2012). Reference List Altmann, E., 2015. Policy implications for governing Australias Apartment Communities: tenants, Committees of Management and strata Managers.Housing in 21st-Century Australia: People, Practices and Policies, p.121. Australia, W.,1995.Residential Tenancies Act 1995. Government Printer. Bell, K., 2012. Protecting public housing tenants in Australia from forced eviction: The fundamental importance of the human right to adequate housing and home.Monash UL Rev.,39, p.1. Bradbrook, A.J., 2011. Residential tenancies law-the second stage of reforms.Sydney L. Rev.,20, p.402. Butt, P., 2016.Land law. Lawbook Company. Cradduck, L. and Wharton, N., 2011. The adoption of residential sustainability programs: Lessons from the commercial sector.Pacific Rim Property Research Journal,17(3), pp.388-403. Dannatt, H., 2014. Living on a knife's edge: Public housing insecurity in the Northern Territory.Parity,27(4), p.20. Jennings, M., 2013.Real estate law. Cengage Learning. Lauritsen-Damm, G., 2013. Occupiers' liability in statute and common law. Nelson, K. and Minnery, J., 2008. Caravan parks as social housing: the tensions between public goals and private interests in Brisbane, Australia.Planning, Practice Research,23(4), pp.479-494. Obeng-Odoom, F., 2012. Far away from home: the housing question and international students in Australia.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,34(2), pp.201-216.

Religion In North American Towns Essays - Mormon Studies, Mormon War

Religion In North American Towns Religion has played a vital role in the settling of many pre-industrial North American towns and cities. In fact, religion proved to be one of the main reasons Europeans broke their affiliation with the dictatorial and the monarchial rule in Europe and came to settle the Americas. Generally, these particular religious settlers incorporated town-planning ideas developed in Europe and translated them into their particular beliefs. However, some specific and influential settlers broke away from the norm in a progressive attempt to invent new societies in a new land based on accumulated knowledge. John Reps, the pre-eminent American historian on town planning has this to say about those who strayed from the common ideals. "Almost from the beginning of settlement, America attracted a variety of reformers, utopians, and pariah religious sects. These dedicated... groups shunned existing cities with their temptations and distractions, preferring to create settlements in harmony with their religious, economic, or social convictions." In this paper, I will analyze and compare the influence of two different religions in the settling of their respective towns. The first will be The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also known as the Mormons, and the second is the Church of the United Brethren, also known as the Moravians. THE MORMON MISSION The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a Christian religion that came into existence during the early 19th-century American movement of religious revivalism called the Second Great Awakening. Officially, Joseph Smith, who is recognized as a prophet in modern Mormon teachings, founded the church in 1830 after he said that God had spoken to him. In that same year, he organized his first followers in New York. From that point on, as they marched westward, he experimented in building towns that revolved around "...order, unity, and community." These values were viewed as supreme in the prophet's ideal society, and these same values were at odds with values that were characteristic of many cities and towns already existing in America at that time. It is said that his aim was to realize the Christian commonwealth that had been the ideal of John Winthrop in Puritan New England. According to one account, Winthrop at one time had said to the colonists, "Wee must be knit together in this work as one man." This one statement seems to provide the basis of Smith's convictions when he set out to form new towns in hopes of turning people on to his religion. The Law of Consecration and Stewardship was outlined by Joseph Smith in 1831, and marked the beginning of Mormon ?communitarianism.' This law "...was a prescription for transforming the highly individualistic economic order of Jacksonian America into a system characterized by economic equality, socialization of surplus incomes, freedom of enterprise, and group economic self-sufficiency." Basically, what this meant was that all members of the church and hereafter, the community, would deed all of his/her property to the bishop of the church. On top of this, the community was to farm and cultivate the land together and share equally the crops. In turn, the bishop would appropriate these assets out based on the need of an individual or family residing within the community. Doctrines of the church such as these held a paralleled relationship to the planning of the towns. By early 1831, Joseph Smith and his following had moved west to Kirtland, Ohio. Kirtland was an ideal spot for Americans seeking prosperity given its ripe location for trade as well as agriculture. The land in Ohio had richer soil than that found along the Atlantic coast, and the climate was much milder. A good reason for this can be attributed to Ohio's gentle topography. This was beneficial to the Mormon people who relied on farming and trade. The location was in close proximity to both Lake Erie, which provided the transportation to the East, and the Ohio Canal, which connected to the Ohio River and hence the entire Mississippi River system. The Mormons however did not take full advantage of this beneficial location for settlement, as they left after only a short period of time. Kirtland was a settlement where many firsts occurred in the Mormon religion, and it was a settlement that would aid Mormons in molding future settlements. The House of the Lord, also referred to as the Kirtland Temple, was the first major permanent structure for worship built by the Mormons, and it served as a pattern that was to be followed by future designs of churches in Mormon settlements. The temple served dual

Intelligence Testing for Special Education

Intelligence Testing for Special Education Individualized intelligence tests are usually part of the battery of tests a school psychologist will use to evaluate students when referred for evaluation. Intelligence Testing The two most commonly used are the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and the Stanford-Binet. For many years the WISC has been considered the most valid measure of intelligence because it had both language and symbol based items and performance-based items. The WISC also provided diagnostic information, because the verbal part of the test could be compared to the performance items, to show a disparity between language and spatial intelligence. The Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, originally the Binet-Simon Test, was designed to identify students with cognitive disabilities. The scales focus on language narrowed the definition of intelligence, which has been to some extent broadened in the most recent form, the SB5. Both the Stanford-Binet and WISC are normed, comparing samples from each age group. In both cases, we have seen intelligence scores going up.  Research shows the mean increasing somewhere between 3 and 5 percent a decade.  Ã‚  It is believed the fact that the way instruction is mediated is directly related to how intelligence is measured.  We dont necessarily teach to the test so much as structure information that way the test scores.  It also means that children with severe apraxia or language difficulties because of autism may score very poorly on the Standford-Binet because of its focus on language.  They may have intellectually disabled or retarded in their diagnosis, whereas, in reality, they may really be Intellectually different, since their intelligence is not truly being evaluated. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, or RAIS, takes 35 minutes to administer and covers 2 verbal intelligence indexes, 2 non-verbal indexes and a comprehensive intelligence index, which measures reasoning ability and the ability to learn, among other cognitive skills. Best Known Intelligence Test The best-known product of Intelligence testing is the IQ, or Intelligence Quotient. An IQ score of 100 is meant to reflect the average (mean) score for children the same age as the child being tested. A score over 100 implies better than average intelligence, and scores below 100 (actually, 90) implies some level of cognitive difference. Group Tests Group Tests prefer to bill themselves as ability rather than intelligence tests and are usually used to identify children for gifted programs.  These are generally used for screening to identify children with either high or low intelligence.  Children who are identified for gifted programs or IEPs are often re-tested with an individual test, either the WISC or Standford Binet intelligence tests, to have a clearer picture of a childs challenges or gifts.   The CogAT or Cognitive Abilities Test consists of several sessions, from 30 minutes (kindergarten) to 60 minutes (higher levels.) The MAB or Multidimensional Aptitude Battery consists of 10 subtests scores and can be grouped in verbal and performance areas. The MAB can be administered to individuals, groups, or on the computer. It yields standard scores, percentiles or IQs. With the emphasis on state assessments and achievement, few districts are regularly administering group tests. Psychologists usually prefer one of the individual tests of intelligence to identify children for special education services.